Measurement Units

-

Measurements Units

Measurement shows dimensions, quality of any object or thing. Units helps us to identify measurements. The word "measurement" comes from the Greek word "metron", which means "limited proportion." Measurement is a technique in which properties of an object are determined by comparing them to a standard. Measurements require tools and provide scientists with a quantity. A quantity describes how much of something there is or how many there are.

 The significance of measurement units is: 

1.     It helps to quantify any measurement 

2.     It provides accuracy in measurement 

3.     It helps in conversion of one unit to another.

4.     It helps in understanding any measurement globally. 

5.     Measurements can be processed such as adding, multiplying by converting them to the same units. so, it helps in processing and making it more understandable.

 

Standardization of Units

There are two different systems of measurement that have been widely standardized.

The metric system: 

In 1960, the metric system was revised, simplified, and renamed the System International (International System of Units) or SI system (meters, kilograms, etc.). This system is the standard form of measurement in almost every country around the world. The SI system is, however, the standard system used by scientists worldwide. It was started from France.the kilogram, meter, second are the fundamental base units upon which the metric system is build

Conversion of units

10 mm = 1 cm

10 cm = 1 dm

100 cm = 1 m  = 1000 mm

1000 m = 1 km

 

 

 

 

Quantity

symbol

Unit

Symbol

Length

L

Meter

m

Mass

m

Kilogram

Kg

Time

t

Second

S

Current

I

Ampere

A

Temperature

T

Kelvin

K

Amount of substance

n

Mole

mol

Luminous

Iv

candela

cd

 

 

 

Derived Quantity

Symbol

Unit / Symbol

Area

A

Sq.m     (m²)

Volume

V

Cubic meter    (m³)

Speed, velocity

v

m/s

Acceleration

a

m/s²

Pressure, Stress

Pa

Pascal    (N/m²)

Force, Weight

F, W

Newton   (N)    (Kg *m /s)

Mass density

P

Kg/ m³

Surface density

PA

Kg/ m²

Specific volume

v

m³/kg

Concentration

c

Mol/ m³

Luminance

Lv

Cd/ m²

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The SI, or metric, system is based on the principle that all quantities of a measured property have the same units, allowing scientists to easily convert large and small numbers. To work with such large or small numbers, scientists use metric prefixes.

 


 

The imperial system: 

The Imperial System is also called The British Imperial because it came from the British Empire that ruled many parts of the world from the 16th to the 19th century. After the US gained independence from Britain, the new American government decided to keep this type of measurement, even though the metric system was gaining in popularity at the time. It is also called as FPS System.In this system mass, length and time are measured in pound, foot and second respectively.

Conversion of units

12 line / 8 line  =  1 inch

12 inch = 1 foot

3 feet = 1 yard

5.5 yard = 1 rod / pole / perch

4 pole = 1 chain

1 chain = 22 yard / 66’

10 chain = 1 furlong

1 furlong = 220 yards / 660’

 8 furlong = 1 mile

1 mile =1760 yard/5280’/63360”

100 links = 1 chain

6 feet = 1 fathom

120 fathom = 1 cable / 720’

6080 feet = 1 nautical mile

2 mile = 1 kosh

4 kosh = 1 yojan

 

   There are generally three types of measurement :

1.    Distance or Linear measurement.

2.    Angular measurement

3.    Area or Volume measurement


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Linear measurement

-
Image
        LINEAR MEASUREMENT Content  Introduction & Principle  Slope, Horizontal, vertical distance  Direct & Indirect linear measurement method  Optical Distance Measurement (ODM)  Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)  Linear survey (Chain Survey)   Field procedure & plotting  Obstacles in linear survey and their solution  Error in linear measurement 1.   Introduction and principle Linear Measurement   Chain survey is branch of surveying in which the distances are measured with a chain and tape and the operation is called chaining. chain Surveying is that type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. This type of surveying is suitable for survey of small extent on open ground having few simple details.  The principles of chain surveying are triangulation. As we know triangle is the simplest 2D figure whose area can be calculated easily and it is only the figure which can be plotted without any angle. According to this principle the area of surv
Read more

PRINCIPLES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF SURVEYING

-
Image
PRINCIPLES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF SURVEYING 1      Basic Principles of surveying a) Working from whole to part :  The main principle of surveying whether plane or geodetic is to work from the whole to the part. This implies a precise control surveying as the first consideration followed by subsidiary detail surveying. Due to this, error arising in a place is limited to small space and is not spread (localization of error). It prevents the accumulation of errors. If survey is carried out from the part to the whole, the errors would expand to greater magnitude and the scale of the survey will be destroy beyond control.   for example: Area to be surveyed contain number of spread control points called primary control point was establish with a high level of precision. To fill the gap between them Secondary cps established with lesser precision than the primary CPs (Control Points).  b) Locating of a point with reference of two other points: There must be at least two refere
Read more

Introduction of Surveying

-
Image
Introduction of surveying  1.  Surveying and mapping. Surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of various points above, on or below the surface of the earth. The relative positions are determined by measuring horizontal distances, vertical distances (elevations), horizontal angles and vertical angles accurately using various surveying instruments. After taking the measurements in the field, computations are done and the plans and maps are prepared in the office. These plans and maps are used for planning of engineering works, marking of boundaries, computations of areas and volumes, and various other purposes. Surveying also includes the art of setting out or locating the points on the ground from the plan or map . S o, surveying can be done by different methods some of them are listed belo w: 1.   1.      Land surveying. 2.      Engineering surveying. 3.      Mining surveying. 4.      Hydrographic surveying. 5.      Geodetic surveying.
Read more